1,684 research outputs found
Morphological typology of small catchments in river basins on cultivated plains
Small catchments were classified with four morphometric characteristics that determine the relief energy: mean altitude, vertical relief, drainage density and average slope. Classification was produced using the Ward's method and elementary catchment as a basic spatial unit. The created typology allows to elaborate recommendations on spatial distribution of crops aimed at reduction of soil erosion rates and the amounts of sediments yielded from slopes to channels of perennial and intermittent streams. The elaborated methodology was tested in the upper Medveditsa River basin (the Don River system). Six classes of elementary catchments were designated and ranked according to the relief energy. The compiled map of small catchment types may be applied for the improvement of land use practice and planning of crop rotation with respect to soil protection efficiency
Model of ionic currents through microtubule nanopores and the lumen
It has been suggested that microtubules and other cytoskeletal filaments may
act as electrical transmission lines. An electrical circuit model of the
microtubule is constructed incorporating features of its cylindrical structure
with nanopores in its walls. This model is used to study how ionic conductance
along the lumen is affected by flux through the nanopores when an external
potential is applied across its two ends. Based on the results of Brownian
dynamics simulations, the nanopores were found to have asymmetric inner and
outer conductances, manifested as nonlinear IV curves. Our simulations indicate
that a combination of this asymmetry and an internal voltage source arising
from the motion of the C-terminal tails causes a net current to be pumped
across the microtubule wall and propagate down the microtubule through the
lumen. This effect is demonstrated to enhance and add directly to the
longitudinal current through the lumen resulting from an external voltage
source, and could be significant in amplifying low-intensity endogenous
currents within the cellular environment or as a nano-bioelectronic device.Comment: 43 pages, 6 figures, revised versio
Scalable stellar evolution forecasting: Deep learning emulation vs. hierarchical nearest neighbor interpolation
Many astrophysical applications require efficient yet reliable forecasts of
stellar evolution tracks. One example is population synthesis, which generates
forward predictions of models for comparison with observations. The majority of
state-of-the-art population synthesis methods are based on analytic fitting
formulae to stellar evolution tracks that are computationally cheap to sample
statistically over a continuous parameter range. Running detailed stellar
evolution codes, such as MESA, over wide and densely sampled parameter grids is
prohibitively expensive computationally, while stellar-age based linear
interpolation in-between sparsely sampled grid points leads to intolerably
large systematic prediction errors. In this work, we provide two solutions of
automated interpolation methods that find satisfactory trade-off points between
cost-efficiency and accuracy. We construct a timescale-adapted evolutionary
coordinate and use it in a two-step interpolation scheme that traces the
evolution of stars from zero age main sequence all the way to the end of core
helium burning while covering a mass range from to . The feedforward neural network regression model (first
solution) that we train to predict stellar surface variables can make millions
of predictions, sufficiently accurate over the entire parameter space, within
tens of seconds on a 4-core CPU. The hierarchical nearest neighbor
interpolation algorithm (second solution) that we hard-code to the same end
achieves even higher predictive accuracy, the same algorithm remains applicable
to all stellar variables evolved over time, but it is two orders of magnitude
slower. Our methodological framework is demonstrated to work on the MIST data
set. Finally, we discuss prospective applications and provide guidelines how to
generalize our methods to higher dimensional parameter spaces.Comment: Submitted to A&
Evaluation of siltation of rivers with intensive economic development of watersheds
In regions with a high degree of agricultural development with an active development of erosion processes and the critical level of degradation of the river network to which the Middle-Russian Upland belongs, the evaluation of sedimentation for various combinations of natural and economic conditions becomes an immediate proble
Geographic Information System and Geoportal "River basins of the European Russia"
The geoinformation system (GIS) and Geoportal with open access "River basins of the European part of Russia" were introduced. The GIS includes the results of spatial analysis and modeling, in particular, the assessment of anthropogenic impact on river basins; estimates of water flow and precipitation; climatic, geomorphological and landscape zoning of the European part of Russi
Quasiperiodic functions theory and the superlattice potentials for a two-dimensional electron gas
We consider Novikov problem of the classification of level curves of
quasiperiodic functions on the plane and its connection with the conductivity
of two-dimensional electron gas in the presence of both orthogonal magnetic
field and the superlattice potentials of special type. We show that the
modulation techniques used in the recent papers on the 2D heterostructures
permit to obtain the general quasiperiodic potentials for 2D electron gas and
consider the asymptotic limit of conductivity when . Using the
theory of quasiperiodic functions we introduce here the topological
characteristics of such potentials observable in the conductivity. The
corresponding characteristics are the direct analog of the "topological
numbers" introduced previously in the conductivity of normal metals.Comment: Revtex, 16 pages, 12 figure
Spontaneous vacuum decay in low-energy collisions of heavy nuclei beyond the monopole approximation
The problem of spontaneous vacuum decay in low-energy collisions of heavy
nuclei is considered beyond the scope of the monopole approximation. The
time-dependent Dirac equation is solved in a rotating coordinate system with
-axis directed along the internuclear line and the origin placed at the
center of mass. The probabilities of electron-positron pair creation and the
positron energy spectra are calculated in the approximation neglecting the
rotational coupling. The two-center potential is expanded over spherical
harmonics and the convergence with respect to the number of terms in this
expansion is studied. The results show that taking into account the two-center
potential instead of its spherically symmetric part preserves all the
signatures of the transition to the supercritical regime that have been found
in the framework of the monopole approximation and even enhances some of them.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures, 1 tabl
- …